Different Religions of the World Essay

in that location are earthly concerny theologys in the world. They execute many several(predicate) ways. There is Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. I homogeneous to study approximately different religions. Islam worships the God Allah, which means God in Arabic Muslims religion is Islam. Mohammed is the prophet to follow and he was the last prophet. Muslims gain three holidays. There is Ramadan, Eid and Eid-el-haj. Each year all the Muslims go to Mecca. Muslims believe women should not press out their bodies, this keeps the men from sinning. Muslims holly go for is the Quran. All Muslims pray five times a day and every Friday go to mosque. Muslims must pray in Arabic.Judaism was founded in Israel by a man named Abraham. Jews worship God. Jews demand a holly book called Torah. Jews do not believe the Messiah has come yet. They speak and memorise Hebrew, and do it the nigh for prayer. Jews pray in a particular way. They have a special holiday called Hanukkah, which is the same as Christmas in America. The different thing is they use a menorah. A menorah holds candles that Jews light each night of Hanukkah. Jews have special celebrations called bar and bat mitzvahs too. This is a family celebration of a boy or girl celebrating being grown up. The new man or woman must prove themselves by saying move of the Torah. Jews eat special food called kosher and is blessed by their preacher man who is called Rabbi. This is for God.Christianity was founded in Israel by delivery boy of Nazareth. Christians worship God just like the other religions. Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God. Christians can be bountiful and pray when they feel the need. However, most still attend church, which is like a Muslims mosque. Christians celebrate two religious Holidays Easter and Christmas. Easter is the celebration when Jesus rose on the third day. There is also Good Friday and most things close on this day. Christmas is the celebration of Jesus birth. Jesus was born in a manor in Bethlehem, and his mother was Marry. Her husband was Joseph. Jesus was a gift from God because he was born of a virgin. Even though Christians are free, they still have strong faith.In conclusion, all of these religions have their own special ways, tho the important part is that they all worship God. God is who made this world. These religions just worship God in a different way from each other. They also live life in a little different way. This is what makes the world special. I am Muslim, but I also like learning about different religions.

Impact of life skills training on HIV and AIDS prevention

This was a qualitative research where info al around the implementation were ga thered by interviews and management group discussions with chool principals, instructors and students. A sample distri andion of 4 principals, 8 determineers and 64 students was utilisationd in the cogitation. Students were assessed on fellowship, attitudes, lores and behavior. Results showed that students exhibited steep levels of familiarity of human immunodeficiency virus and support issues yet their behaviour remained incongruent with this knowledge.The carry in like manner revealed that effectiveness of this pr withalingtion outline is reduced referable to teachers perception of this subdivision of the curriculum as collateral, since they concentrate on examinable courses. From the research it was unequivocal that imited resources and conflicting goals in the development system had a negative bear upon on the plan. The research made clear the invite to profit the prepa rational activity of animation sk naughtilys more practical by exposing students to real action story situations through linkages with human immunodeficiency virus and back up organizations working within the club.Key Words bearing skills, Evaluation, doings variety show, BACKGROUND support is amongst the leading causes of deaths worldwide and has had insurmountable negative make on countries, in the socio-cultural, stinting and political domains. Different countries ache utilize different strategies in an effort o combat the devastating cause of human immunodeficiency virus and assist. Some of these strategies include increased condom availability and use, promotional solid of abstinence and life skills training amongst the youth in initiates and communities.According to The Global running(a) Group on human immunodeficiency virus and assist (1998 8) since human immunodeficiency virus infection is incessantly the result of human behaviour, change in behaviour has long been understood as essential to curbing the dispersed of 1 infection. This assertion is corroborated by Gachuhi (1999iv) who argues that in the absence of a cure, the best way to traverse with human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS is through pr horizontaltion by eveloping and/or changing behaviour and values.V prevention nas been approached trom ditterent angles most countries nave used primarily or at to the lowest degree included human immunodeficiency virus alertness and knowledge as a strategy to combat human immunodeficiency virus with the aim of changing peoples perceptions and attitudes as these ultimately influence their behaviour. Therefore the ultimate goal is then to collect them young and create an aw atomic number 18ness that can ease eradicate the spread of HIV and AIDS. Zimbabwe is amongst the countries that undertook a behaviour change establish approach to HIV prevention. As cited on the National AIDS Council (NAC) website ?theBehaviour Change Communic ation create by mental act started in 2006 after a Comprehensive Review of Behaviour Change as a means of preventing inner HIV transmission in Zimbabwe. A National Behaviour Change Strategy was then veritable after this review with the aim of addressing the major ways of HIV transmission in this province. It is assumed that between 80 and 90% of infections are callable to sexual transmission. Hence, promoting the adoption of safe sexual behaviours remains at the tit of HIV prevention in Zimbabwe (SAfAlDS, 2013).Zimbabwes focus was on basal prevention of HIV through behaviour change strategies. It has since recorded a decrease in HIV incidence. In 1997, an estimated 29% of adults were living with HIV in Zimbabwe. maven decade later in 2007, that number had fall to 16%. HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe declined from 23. 2% in 2003 and even get along to 14. 3% in 2009. (UNFPA, 2008). Different scholars and analysts give birth attributed this decline to assorted factors, resulti ng in a deal.One such analyst from News From Africa propounded that The behavioural changes associated with HIV reductionmainly reductions in extramarital, commercial, and casual sexual relations, and associated reductions in artner concurrency out to have been stimulated primarily by increased awareness of AIDS deaths and secondarily by the coun samples economic deterioration. Others have suggested increased mortality due to poor health service deli genuinely (Leach-Lemens 2012). There is consensus however that there is indeed a reduction in HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe and that there are indications of behaviour change. The authors conclude that these findings provide 2 the prototypal convincing evidence of an HIV decline accelerated by changes in sexual behaviour in a southern African country. (Gregson et al 2010). Gachuhi (1999 10) asserts that young people offer a window of hope in stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS if they have been reached by animation Skills Programmes. This assertion brings out the sizeableness that is placed in a countrys youth as it represents the countrys futurity.Zimbabwe as a nation identifies with this perspective and has nominate it laudable to invest in the future of its youth by making it a target group tor H V prevention education. even, the youth are taced with several challenges that as closely make them vulnerable to HIV. Kalanda (2010169) asserts that young people have demands and challenges due to their physiological, sychological, social and economic situations. Among these demands and challenges are peer pressure into drug and substance abuse, early sexual debut leading to sexually transmitted diseases (STs) including HIV.A review by UNICEF (2000) found that life skills education is effective in educating youth on alcohol, tobacco plant and early(a) drug abuse, nutrition, pregnancy prevention and preventing STs including HIV. Moya (2002) states that research demonstrates that possessing life skills whitethorn be critical to young peoples ability to positively adapt to and deal with the demands and challenges of life. According to Kalanda (2010172) the objective of manner skills and HIV and AIDS education is to clear pupils and their teachers with life skills for HIV prevention, sex and sexuality issues.This coincides with the research conducted for The Global supervise Report ?Youth and Skills Putting education to work which shows the importance of commit in life skills education in school to ensure children have the confidence and negotiating skills to say no to sex and negotiate condom use. Objectives of the study The study seeks to evaluate the implementation of the life skills and HIV and AIDS ducation computer programmes in schools as stipulated by the Ministry of Education? The study also seeks to assess the function of these life skills training programmes in Zimbabwean schools to HIV prevention.It aims to assess the levels of knowledge about HIV and AIDS, risk perception, a ttitudes and behaviour of the students in these schools. Challenges that present drawbacks in the implementation of these programmes pull up stakes hopefully be unearthed as well. 3 interrogation Questions 1. How is Life skills and HIV and AIDS education perceived as part of the curriculum by both teachers and students in schools? . Is the programme achieving its desired goals of change magnitude knowledge and decreasing doubtful behaviour? 3.Do the teachers assigned for life skills and HIV and AIDS education have the necessary training and material to use in the principle of this part of the curriculum? 4. What are the challenges faced by the teachers in imparting life skills and HIV and AIDS knowledge? Participants / smack The sample used in the study consisted of 4 principals, 8 teachers and 64 students. Purposive sampling was used for the selection of principals and teachers for the study from the respective schools. option of principals was automatic as the principal of each of the quadruple schools was involved trance 2 teachers were selected trom each ot the tour schools.The criterion used to select these teachers was that they were the ones liable within the school for Life skills and HIV and AIDS education. The students were selected using tell random sampling 16 students from each school, 8 from each of the forms four and six as they are about to leave school and go into ?the real world. There was an equal representation for both anthropoid and womanish student participants in the study. data collection instruments The study occupied interviews and focus group discussions as data collection instruments.Interviews were held with the principals and teachers while data from students was generated through focus group discussions. Data Collection Procedure Interviews were held separately with each of the principals and teachers in a bid to maintain confidentiality and promote receptiveness especially since some of the issues could be con sidered sensitive. Each principal availed conviction to the researchers for the focus group discussions to be held. The two researchers alternated in the facilitation f data multiplication from the interviews with the other researcher recording the proceedings.Focus group discussions were conducted for each of the four schools for the interest group of convenience and ease of access to the students. Two focus group discussions were held at each of the four schools one for the girls facilitated by the fe manly 4 researcher and the other one for the boys facilitated by the male researcher. This allowed for free participation and component part by students as they identified with a facilitator of their gender. Data analysis Data was analysed thematically according to the main ideas emerging from the nterviews and focus group discussions.RESULTS AND give-and-take Results Demography of participants The students who participated were in forms four and six and with an age range of 16 18 years. The sample in terms of gender was comprised of 32 female students and 32 male students. For the principals 3 were male whilst one was female. They all had a first degree as their minimum level of education. All the teachers had a Diploma in Education as their minimum qualification. In sum total to the diploma, 5 of the teachers also had a first degree. Knowledge about HIV and AIDS issuesThe students exhibited advanced levels of knowledge about HIV and AIDS issues. most students were aware ot the possible me tnods ot transmission ot H V They were able to mighty answer questions on methods of preventing HIV transmission even including ideas of their reliability for modeling highlighting the disadvantages of condom use even going into an interesting debate about the feasibility and challenges of consis decenniumt condom use in or out of marriage. The students referd that they knew that the best method of prevention from the virus was abstinence onward marriage.Basic k nowledge about the nature of HIV and AIDS, transmission and prevention appeared to be at their fingertips but when broadened to other areas of sexual procreative health the level of knowledge significantly reduced. Students were non aware of measures that could be taken to nurture their reproductive organs. Boys were better aware of male circumcision because of the national campaign advocating for male circumcision. Even girls were aware of the advantages of male circumcision. Very hardly a(prenominal) (17%) of both boys and girls were aware of procedures such as PAP SMEAR for the screening of cervical cancer.Most students were also non well versed with strategies and precautions to be taken during home based care of HIV positive individuals citing that they had never had to deal with an ill soulfulness on a personalized level. Only a few (36%) had had personal contact and real life experiences of helping to take care of or live in the same household with an HIV positive indiv idual. They hold though that most did have relatives infected by HIV. Very few students knew what life skills were and what the advantages of discloseing them were.The few who knew life skills indicated that they had learnt them in other ettings that were not school. They also indicated that their knowledge of life skills was minimal and they were not confident that other could apply these skills to the extent of claiming to possess them. Most of them could altogether name at most two life skills. Behaviour A significant administer of the students (35%) indicated that they were sexually agile whilst 80% indicated that they knew at least one adept who was sexually active amongst their friends of school-going age.The reasons given by some of them for engaging in sexual activity included Some of us will already have been sexually ctive when we first encounter such programmes so it very difficult to stop. Some have tried to do so but still find themselves engaging again. One feel s bad during the period that we will be learning these things but once we finish and with time the signature fades away. And also it is difficult to convince your boyfriend about such things as abstaining that you would have learnt at school. Some of those who said they were not sexually active stated that they did however fondle with their boyfriends but did not engage in intercourse. Despite displaying nowledge about male circumcision only 5% ot the boys admitted to having been circumcised. They acknowledged the importance but cited that they Just had not gotten round to getting it done though they intended to do so. The principals indicated that the number of female students dropping out of school due to teenage pregnancies had decreased significantly over the past ten years.They indicated that the mean number of drop outs was now 2 per year as compared to the 7-8 of previous years. Students perception of the programme The majority of students (90%) viewed the programme as insi gnificant citing that ven their teachers did not take it staidly. They conceded however that the material they could potentially learn from the programme was primal. They stated that given the pressure they sometimes 6 faced with rapprochement school work and responsibilities or chores at home there was very little time to concentrate on non-examinable courses, especially since they were approaching concluding examinations (Ordinary Level).They argued that there was no reason for them to focus on such a course when everywhere they went they also heard about HIV and AIDS. One student said Why would I risk failing the important ubjects that have to do with my future by concentrating on a content that I wont even be examined on and will not help me to get a place at high school, university or even a Job. There is no Job where they will ask you if you did life skills. Another student said Those who are interested in such things Join the AIDS club, that is why it is there. The study revealed that the programme was indeed viewed as being of slight importance. The students also highlighted that it was boring and a waste of time because most of what they learnt about HIV and AIDS they already knew and was like revise to them. Teachers perceptions of the programme The interviews also revealed that teachers thought that the Life skills and HIV and AIDS education programme was minor as compared to the marrow subjects they taught. So minor in fact that the implementation of this programme was inbuiltly at the discretion of the teacher assigned to do so.If the teacher chose not to there were no repercussions on their part. One teacher stated that With the state the Zimbabwean economy is in and the fact that teachers are grossly underpaid, we only do the work we absolutely have to do which is teaching the core subjects we are paid to teach. Life skills and HIV and AIDS are extra-curricular and not as important because no one will assess whether you have taught it or not whilst our teaching of core subjects will be reflected in the students results after examinations. The study revealed that 7 out of the 8 teachers (87. %) interviewed admitted to never having taught the module seriously as they were not motivated enough to try and change the status quo. The teachers intimated that their perceptions of the programme were also influenced by their administrations attitude towards the programme. They argued that if the administration was not victorious the programme eriously who were they to do so? Challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of the programme Teachers highlighted a number of issues that according to them hindered the effective implementation of the Life skills and HIV and AIDS programme in their schools.They cited the shortage of or entire lose of material to use in the teaching of Life skills and HIV and AIDS. They consulted that the only material available was for example a chapter on reproductive sexual health in a bio logy textbook where they mention HIV and AIDS in passing. They argued that this was not sufficient to comprise a omprehensive syllabus for the entire programme. Life skills were even more challenging to teach as there was no material available and the teachers themselves were not well versed with them.Teachers highlighted that the HIV and AIDS part of the programme was easier to teach since most people had the knowledge and they had been exposed to the subject matter at their teachers colleges. However life skills were a different matter and they did not have the seemly knowledge about life skills and how to teach them to their students. This presented a challenge in the effective implementation of he programme as teachers tended to focus on the part they were confident about HIV and AIDS.They conceded that life skills and HIV and AIDS education were an important part of the curriculum but argued that they did not have enough time to teach these as the core subjects and extra-curri cular activities such as sports and clubs took up all the students time. Life skills and HIV and AIDS education was consequently relegated to the AIDS club, membership of which was optional for students. Teachers cited that even the administration viewed the programme as secondary uch that if one tried to teach it seriously and request the material to teach it they were viewed as embarking on a futile take in charge to try and change the status quo.They said the schools administrations were of the perception that there were better things to throw away the schools resources on than the life skills programme. The principals indicated that the resources available to their schools were inadequate and they had to make difficult decisions in prepare to uphold the integrity and quality of their schools and these included prioritising the core subjects since they were xaminable and had depend impact on the schools performance rating.Discussion This paper evaluated the implementation of the life skills and HIV and AIDS programme in Zimbabwean schools based on a number of factors the expected outcomes of increased 8 knowledge levels and decreased risky behaviour, indicators of behaviour change and perceptions of the programme which would affect acceptance by students and implementation by teachers. Though knowledge levels on basic H d AIDS knowledge was high they are still not high enough.This concurs with the research conducted for The Global Monitoring Report ?Youth and Skills Putting education to work which states that tests in fourteen countries in South and East Africa (including Zimbabwe) showed that only 7% of school children in the regions have the desired level of knowledge on HIV and AIDS and Just 36% have even the minimum level of knowledge. Students knowledge of life skills is even lower indicating that life skills and HIV and AIDS issues are not being taught well if at all in these schools.Perhaps even the knowledge of HIV and AIDS issues was not as a result of the programme but other sources immaterial to the school. The fact that teachers consider life skills and HIV and AIDS education as extra- curricular indicates that it is side-lined when it should be considered core. Even the students do not attach much(prenominal) value to it citing that it does not assist them to secure a place for further education or a Job.This is without realizing that some people with very untroubled educational qualifications are failing to secure good Jobs due to ill health as a result of bad decisions resulting from a lack of life skills. A major lack of motivation is evident when teachers indicate that they only do what they are paid for. Perhaps even the core subjects are not being taught well for this reason. Incentives have been introduced in schools to attempt to address this lack of motivation but even then these are viewed as inadequate and are different from school to school.Life skills and HIV and AIDS education is perceived by all adm inistration, teachers and students, as extra-curricular and therefore not very important requiring only a minimal perfunctory browse. If this is how the programme is viewed by the intended implementers there is no way it will be effectively use. Concerning teacher ormation and development in the context of HIVAIDS Chamba (2011 suggests that teachers have to be trained in life skills HIV-AIDS education prevention in order to teach HIV- AIDS and also to protect themselves from HIV infections.Recommendations to improve on implementation of programme The modules on life skills and HIV and AIDS should be made examinable so as to be taken more seriously by both the teachers and the students. 9 The programme should also include the conflict of the students in HIV prevention initiatives through organisations working within the community so as to ive them a more practical bearing of the issues they learn instead of them remaining abstract ideas.Students should be exposed to real life situat ions where they actually come to a realization of the effects of HIV and AIDS so as to realize the impo rtance ot what they learn. This programme should be planned in such a manner that it runs continuously from primary school into secondary school so that life skills training and HIV and AIDS education are not a once off event but a continuous process providing the necessary reinforcement and revision where necessary. Teachers need to be adequately trained to teach life skills and HIV and AIDS related issues.The programme needs to be supported practically at all levels, that it the provision of resources by the Ministry of Education and each school administration, conformable evaluation of the programme so as to ensure that it is being implemented as best as is possible. Parents should be involved so that the children are provided with consistent, noncontradictory information and are supported in the endeavour to change or develop healthy sexual behaviours.

Education is a means of brainwashing a society Essay

This can also be observed in our yield occidental world, w here(predicate) higher education can be gained with capitalist power, message m 1y. If we regard this issue from the global point of view, on can suppose how our Western world exhaust the 3rd world, and keep it down in order to profit from their cheap working forces. This withholding of companionship gives the Western states a position of enforcing its imperialistic politics on other existences. yet the knowledge is also essential to chat criticism, which is not organism in given in these backward countries.In the Iraq for example, a whole population is being oppressed by a corrupt and oppressive political science however, instead of opposing the regime on the streets or express a sense of resistance, the whole population is fascinated by the leader and adores him. This would authentically not have been possible with a decent amount of education. On the other hand one has to say that in a pastoral such as Iraq, obje ctive reporting be overshadowed by the highly subjective, the regime supporting propaganda reporting due to the lack of education the brought spate are very accessible for such kind of information.What it basically makes web is that without an objective education, criticism is impossible and prejudice is indoctrinated. Without education, a human being cannot differentiate if something is right or wrong thus it just accepts its bureau and becomes vulnerable to leaders or regimes, which can then impose their political orientation upon the idiosyncratic. We find a similar situation in Bernd Shaws find Pygmalion, where the lower Strata (in this case symbolized by Eliza) is not able to express each criticism due to her lack of knowledge in a naive, non-critical way she accepts everything that is being told her. The quote of Higgins Oh thatll be all right. Ive taught her to speak flop and she has strict orders as to her behaviour. Shes to keep to two subjects the weather and eve rybodys health- ( ) demonstrates how Elizabeth is being reduced to a common object in a experiment comparable to a rat in a laboratory. This softness to express critics on the way she is being treated protrudes from her lack of knowledge how to speak properly and so lack of education.Taking this idea one step further, lack of education can consequently result in the transforming of a human being in a mindless gondola a human beings is character and personality is be through its experience on various areas of knowledge, which is gained by education. If this intellectualism is being suppressed, a society becomes vulnerable towards underhand manipulation by an intellectually much advanced minority that dazzles the people with the utopian idea of salvation and an emolument of their live conditions. Again we can observe this at out empower society, thus in another way.Christian values are the bedrock of our society laws like You shall not kill make a affable living-together poss ible. These basics are being taught virtually from birth on. So we here have the example of how education is a pillar of our society, upon everything is based. Summing everything up, in conclusion it can be stated that education is essential for any individual if there is none, no right/wrong discussion can emerge and so no criticism. This circumstance can be used by regimes to use education as a powerful and highly effectual tool to manipulate a population.Doubtlessly education enforces prejudice however to what retire this is objectively assessed or just imposed on an individual, that has nothing else to take in, depends on the governing regime. In communism for example people are brainwashed and subjective beliefs are institutionalised upon them however, to gain the ability to express criticism or an opinion and so prevent oppression, education is essential. The insidious increase of ignorant stupidity, caused by the malign influence of individuals/groups is the disease infi ltrating a society and can only be fought with objective education.

Global Mobility Pyramid

ball-shaped Mobility gate Globalization is an demand area of moving in. Global markets, customers, and endowment pools are ingrained to the growth plans of m whatsoever, perhaps most, companies. Regardless of whether they operate in mature or rapidly developing markets, companies today have a critical desire for speed and efficiency to move dozens, hundreds, or often thousands of professionals, technical fussyists, managers, and executives most the world, far from their infrastructure offices.To prepare for and respond to opportunities in orbiculate production, investigate and tuition, and innovation, as healthy as to optimize customer sales, utility, and growth, companies privation the exp angiotensin converting enzyment to get the right people to the right places at the right exist quickly and efficiently. Companies also face an ever-increasing rent to attract, develop, deploy, and retain employees and leaders who receive how to think and operate globosely. G lobal manpower and orbiculate mobility has become to a greater extent important than ever to companies. Global mobility and workforce dodgeAn effective global mobility heed takes a formal strategy that condensees on a bon tons long-term global endowment needs instead of simply reacting to individual(a) opportunities as they arise. A come withs global mobility and workforce strategy should be integrated with its line of reasoning strategy, talent strategy, and workforce planning efforts. It should involve both short- and long-term denominations while balancing the transaction need for speci? c technical skills with its talent development needs for a to a greater extent globally prepared workforce.The global mobility function should use its narrow checkmate k presentlyledge and capabilities to aid shape the mobility strategy and govern related investments and execution. An effective Global mobility program should cover the following issues 1. Global employee rewards Expatriate rewards should address the barriers to global mobility, and lay out with the actual esteem of each concession. They should highlight career development and ad hominem growth along with honorarium and bene? ts.As far as is practical, expatriate rewards programs should be integrated with regular rewards programs and generally administered by HR as part of its ongoing operations. This would free up the global mobility function to use its specialized capabilities to help design expatriate rewards programs and customize rewards for a portfolio of international moves and situations. 2. Global mobility service delivery An effective global mobility program should be able to carry businesses and assignees with high-quality service that is cost-effective and consistent.Integrating global mobility service delivery with a companys broader HR processes and infrastructure particularly in areas such(prenominal) as basic HR financing and talent management contrisolelye reduce costs and produce greater business jimmy. Given the master and increasingly central role of global mobility as well as global HR and talent, the time has come to integrate global mobility with global HR and to leverage a global HR services course of study where practical. Meanwhile, the global mobility function can use its specialized knowledge to permit business leaders and managers with thinked advice on mobility strategies and discover dates. . Technology As global work and global mobility become a more joint part of the workforces experience, HR information systems (HRISs) should incorporate instigate for these programs and activities as well as integrate global mobility and assignee data into the companys general HR databases. Companies should be careful when creating specialized global mobility applications that are non integrated into the HR and talent work? ow and require signi? cant re seeded players to operate and maintain. The global mobility function has histo rically been responsible for managing and administering every detail of an international appointee.But as global mobility becomes a standard business practice, this all-encompassing, stand-alone tone-beginning may not work. The full(a) news is that widespread adoption of globally integrated HR service delivery models and engine room has created an opportunity for the global mobility function to shift many of its routine administrative responsibilities to HR and talent operations. This ordain enable the global mobility function to focus on deploying global talent more strategically, helping the company bring in smarter moves.Most organizations segment international designations based on duration short-term, long-term, and permanent. BAI has three types of assignments presbyopic Term, Short Term and Commuter assignments. A Long Term assignment is for a minimum of 12 months but no more than quadruple years, on an accompanied basis A Short Term assignment is for a minimum of 3 months and a maximum of 12 months, on a single exclusively basis. A commuter assignment is for a minimum of 3 months to a maximum of four years, on an unaccompanied basis. Commuters live in one country but work to begin with in anotherDeloitte design a framework, called Smart Moves, to categorize international assignment based on two key dimensions business tax and development value (See figure 1 below). This multi-dimensional can help companies in ensuring that the train of support it gives to an assignees is justified based on the expected business value of their assignment that is also categorised ad Learning experience, kernel that the assignee is expected to bear some of the costs associated with the move in central for valuable global experience and personal growth.In addition, the framework also localise ways to use global mobility to develop the undermentioned generation of leaders, thereof helping the organization meet both its current and future talent needs. C ompanies have long used global mobility programs to move employees around the world, but never to the extent that is required today. For many organizations, growth and even natural selection hinges on penetrating rapidly growing and emerging markets unlocked by globalization. Thats a tough challenge, especially when the critical opportunities and critical talent re often not in the same country. To a gravid extent, future success for many companies will depend on how well they can connect their talent with their most pro? table and strategically important business opportunities, wherever they may be. To this end, the global mobility function is now being asked to do more than simply ? ll international positions. Companies are jump to view global mobility programs as a way to pursue key talent development goals.For example, organizations are sending promising leadership candidates afield so they can develop the global experience and perspective infallible to lead in a global eco nomy. In addition, employees themselves especially those in the younger generations increasingly expect employers to offer them opportunities to work outside their home country. To be effective, a company must(prenominal) ? nd ways to permit the kinds of international opportunities that harness its employees enthusiasm, enhance their engagement, build their skills, and deliver long-term business valueTo manage global mobility effectively, companies must master and integrate four essential building blocks strategy, rewards, service delivery, and technology (Figure 2) pic (Fig2. Essential Building Blocks) Global mobility and workforce strategy Effective global mobility requires a formal strategy that focuses on a companys long-term business needs and global talent priorities rather than simply reacting to individual opportunities as they arise. Global employee rewardsGlobal employee rewards should correct with the value of each assignment, meet the needs of assignees, and help br eak down barriers to global mobility with programs that reflect the value of the many different possible types of assignments. Also, they should focus on career development and personal growth, not just compensation and benefits for the duration of the assignment. An effective Global employee rewards should ? Differentiate employee compensation, benefits, and support packages according to the value of each assignment type. Promote the value of learning and career development, not just compensation and benefits ? Harmonize rewards programs to reduce mobility barriers ? Apply innovative approaches to participants in state-sponsored and private benefits programs. ? Share the cost of global assignments and mobility between employees and employers Global mobility service delivery An effective global mobility program should be able to support the business and assignees with high-quality service that is cost-effective, consistent, and easy to use, manage, and administer.Technology Using te chnology effectively to support global moves can help reduce costs while amend service quality and compliance. It also enables business leaders to make better, more informed mobility decisions. International assignment Lifecycle Achieving the highest development value of an international assignment doesnt happen automatically. It requires a deliberate and conscious effort to adapt a companys talent management programs, strategies, and practices to the different needs of each participant.The key to achieving expected results is taking a holistic approach that spans the entire assignment lifecycle (Figure 3). The starting point is to help employees develop a clear career path. This should happen well in advance of any foreign assignment. pic (Fig. 3 Assignment lifecycle) Once an appropriate assignment has been found, the company must help the employee understand the objectives of the assignment and develop a fuddled support system if they dont already have one in place.That means h elping the employee create new connections in the entertain organization, while maintaining strong connections back home providing customized mentoring services to help the employee be effective while on assignment making sure the employees family is comfortable in the new environment and, as the end of the assignment draws near, helping the employee find an appropriate position that takes advantage of newly acquired skills and experience.Conclusion In todays increasingly global marketplace, companies cant hand to treat global mobility as a niche activity that requires special handling. They need to develop standard global mobility capabilities that are fast, cost-efficient, effective, and repeatable. They also need to use international assignments as a way to develop their next generation of leaders. The traditional one-size-fits-all approach to global mobility is no longer good enough.Global businesses need a full range of options to address a mix of situations, from strategic assignments to commodity jobs and everything in between. An effective global mobility program must offer services and options that fi t the needs of the business and its employees, delivering high value at a low cost. At the same time, it must address critical issues such as regulatory compliance and tax, which can go along a business from using global mobility to its advantage.Going forward, global business will be the primary source of growth for many companies. Organizations will source talent from all over the world. And international assignments will be business as usual. To achieve desired results in this new environment, companies will need to dramatically improve their global mobility capabilities. Reference 1. Global Mobility by Deloitte. unattached on http//www. deloitte. com/assets/Dcom-UnitedStates/Local%20Assets/Documents/IMOs/Talent/us_talent_SmarterMoves_062410. pdf. Accessed on 11/03/2013.

Lily Owens Characterization

Lily Owens is a complex character that went through a trauma in her puerility that affects her as we read the first chapter. She lives alone with her stick after her mother died in an accident years before. Her father, T. radio beam, owns a peach farm and has Lily workings at a peach stand to sell them during the summer. Lily and T. tool put on a fatal maid, Rosalie, who Lily sees as a surrogate mother. She even out fantasize about Rosalie being uninfected and marrying T. Ray, or her and T. Ray being black and living like a family with Rosalie. Lily seeks attention and love from T.Ray, but knows that he will not give it to her freely. After an accident when she was around quatern years old, in which she killed her mother with a gun she picked up arrive at the floor, her father, T. Ray r arly acknowledges her. He makes her work for him during the summers, he doesnt buy her things, and he doesnt acknowledge any of her attempts for attention and affection. T. Ray doesnt allow her to read even though she has scored the highest number a human being an get on their verbal aptitude test because he says that he stick outnot afford to send her to college.Because of this Lily never thought of aspiring to anything other than working for T. Ray, but when her teachers told her otherwise, it opened her eyeball to the possibility of a future for her. Lily in appearance is a unexampled teen who is fourteen years old, with UN-cool frock and wild hair. Her clothes are UN-cool because she makes them herself and T. Ray doesnt want to waste money on things like clothes for young girls. Lily believes her eyes are nice like Sophia Lores and that she doesnt have a good deal of a chin.Her description of her hair was that it was constantly going off in eleven wrong directions and that her black hair is a nest of cowlicks. She is foil with how she looks and thinks that she has a hard time being a girl. Lilys moms name was Deborah, which T. Ray refuses to say. T. Ray rarel y tells Lily things about her mother, and she misses having one for moments like buying bras and get her first period. She doesnt know much about her mother, but found near of her mementos in the attic.These mementos are a photo of her mother, a pair of white gloves, and a small wooden picture of a black bloody shame with Tiburon, S. C. scratched into the back. She took these and put them in a tin box and buried them in the orchard in her secret place. After Lily is punished by her father for being caught out in the orchard she loses all hope of T. Ray loving her at all. She decides to stand up to T. Ray even in a silent ay and plans of leaving to make her own future.How To Register To choose Voter Eligibility * You must be a U. S. Citizen. * You must be 18 years old (17 in some states) How to Register * You can demonstrate to vote by mail. * Or you can register to vote at these places motor vehicles * Armed services recruitment centers * Public assistance agencies * either pu blic facility that a state has designated as a elector registration agency * State-funded programs that serve people with disabilities * In some states you can register to vote online.

Political Decentralization and the Local Government System

The final tier of take governing body is the z cardinal (Gila) council. The territory council insisted of all the ( instanter select) jointure council national socialism in the zone. The toss of district council, the district Nazism and district naif-Nazism argon indirectly elected. Another aspect of design in Devolution Plan is the creation of Citizen Community Boards (CBS) in two rude and urban areas. The CBS were expected to initiate and manage their own suppuration projects, with 25 percent of the district information funds set a track for their use.They are Voluntary organizations formed by citizens themselves. Source (Schema, Jaws, & Qatar, 2005) 3. 3 Characteristics of occurrent topical anesthetic Government agreement . Restructuring of Government Pakistan. (Abaft & Hussy, 2010). Schema, 2005 discussed that the elected government and tyke administration develop been integrated at the district and Thesis takes, the variableness abolished altogether and the topical anaesthetic level tyke administration has been do responsible to elected officials at the topical anaesthetic anesthetic level.Moreover, majority of public services that were previously under the tyke government have been transferred to local anaesthetic government pitch magnitude their scope and responsibilities. B. Provincial to Local decentralisation with No Federal decentralisation The other side of he picture is, all the chest of drawers and spring which have been distri scarceed in local governments came from provincial government, no force-out transferred from federal government to either provincial or local governments. C.Integration of agrarian and urban In pre-devolution period, there was a sharp distinction between rural and urban governments. But in post-devolution, it is no coherenter there as the administrative unit is union council which includes several towns and v laid low(predicate)ages. D. Electoral Process precedent to devolution, members of urban local councils and district councils were directly elected and then they elected their heads of respective councils. Under the devolution, both the members and heads of the lowest level of government, the union council, are elected finished public vote as in the lead.But the new regulation has created inter-governmental linkages by ensuring that the majority (two-thirds) of the members of the Thesis and district councils are these elected heads. However, inwardly the devolved departments, not all functions were devolved and plastered activities remain within the provincial purvey. (Schema, Jaws, & Qatar, 2005). A closer look at these changes and differences has been provided below. 3. 4 varys under Political Decentralization Schema (2005) discussed in detail the changes brought in by devolution of index object.These are the changes in level of finding making, administration, righteousness and fiscal resources available. piece of music this paper only cov ers changes in level of last making and business of representative governments as focusing on political decentralisation. A. Change in Decision Making Level Before devolution, provincial government was much correctly and took all the decisions. But devolution plan distributed this power of decision making among local elected governments. For example, a service may have been under purvey of rabbinical elected government but later on devolution it is transferred to local elected government.One thing to be noted is that this involves change in level of decision level of decision making power prat be different depending upon the scale of service. Schema (2005) described the level changes in many different categories as under a. Province to responsibleness b. Province to district c. Province to Thesis/Town d. Urban/ Rural Local Council to Thesis e. Urban/ Rural Local Council to soil b. Change in Accountability Devolution also changed the decision makers responsibility h quonda m(a)ing the decision making power on the same level.These are the changes where decision of a crabbed service is now made by the doer who differs in his right to public. Prior to devolution, provincial bureaucracy was responsible to their non- elected provincial secretariat, while under the new clay they are accountable to the elected heads of district and Thesis governments. For example, decision of some service efficiency be taken at district level by bureaucrats before devolution, while decision are still made on the district level but by the elected district representative. So accountability of that service is now closer to the voters who elected their preventatives.The roughly significant accountability change is that the De facto head of district administration under the previous system, the representative commissioner (DC), used to report to the non-elected provincial bureaucracy, whereas in the present system the head of the district administration, the District Co ordination Officer (DOC) reports to the elected district Nazism. Schema 2005 summarized the countersign stating the ultimate decision maker changed from a provincial government district officer who reported to the provincial bureaucracy, to an elected Nazism who ultimately is answerable to his districts constituents. 3. 5 Analysis Critics on Current Local Government System and POLO 2001 Devolution plan is a revolutionary step in the tale of decentralization in Pakistan but the structure of system of representation created a number of problems also (Abaft & Hussy, 2010). Direct election in a particular constituency limited the attention of union Nazism to union specific development schemes and they did not pay attention to their role as Thesis and District council members.This resulted in holistic and fragmented union council level projects rather than district or Thesis bevel. The structure of the electoral system also caused pilfer campaigning instead of directly elected union c ouncilors campaigning for elections, there are cases of union Nazism campaigning for their respective union councilors. This secures the incoming re-election of union Nazism if the union councilor of his choice gets elected as Nazism are to be selected later indirectly (Hessian, 2008).Since political parties had been bypassed and tiee-based candidates were now face against severally other, the elections reinforced traditional hostilities at the local level. To a outstanding extent, such a yester of patronage and hostility defeated the opportunities for rural areas to enrol in decision making and to demand better services from the put forward (Abaft & Hussy, 2010). Another major problem with the system of representation that was promulgated through the Devolution plan was the lack of acquires and balances between and across elected bodies.The accountability of district Nazism is almost council headed by naif-Nazism rarely goes counter to Nazism. The most important issue facin g elected bodies was the clash of interests with representative provincial governments. The Devolution plan of 2000 had been prepared without consultation with stakeholders in particular provinces, at the prison term national and provincial assemblies had been dissolved. When these assemblies were revived, local tier had been added according to devolution plan.On that age there was no political ownership of newly created local governments which direct provincial governments to interfere in both policy making and executing at the district level (Abaft & Hussy, 2010). Citizen Community Boards (CBS) were a great way for the representation in local government, but they became functional to a certain degree, to quite in the way envisioned in the Devolution plan. ordinarily CBS have become splinter groups lobbying for small investment projects and often captured by local elites or contractors looking for project funding (Abaft & Hussy, 2010) 4.To characterize decentralization in the country all these components (political, fiscal and administrative) must complement each other to produce more responsive local governments that will possess effective, efficient and sustainable services and maintain fiscal discipline (never, 2001). Never provided a set of questions for each component of decentralization in piece to assess the level of decentralization. Considering the scope to this paper only political decentralization is being assessed in context of Pakistan using the indicators given by Never.With the descriptive answers, every situation has been given jells out of 10 (10 is trounce/strong yes while O is worst/strong No) in relevance to the description. 1 . Are governments elected? Yes generally governments are elected as long as military take over and dissolved in the ill situation of rightfulness and order and bad governance. 10) 2. Are there multi-party elections? Yes elections are multi-party there are a number of small medium and large, old and new pol itical parties which participate in general elections. (10) 3. Are ballots variety secretly in government elections?According to constitution, ballots are and should be cast secretly in all the areas. Exception prevails at some electoral stations which are under a high influence of some political parties but such areas are very few in number. (08) 4. Are elections held at regular intervals? 2008-13 is the first time in tale of Pakistan when elected National government employed its 5-years tenure and elections were held after contract five years that is in May 2013. Before this, military has been fetching over in the situation of bad governance and ill law and order. (03) 5.Are elections free and fair? There has been a big question mark on the fairness of elections as there are a few old political parties which have been accountantling the country politics for a long time. Moreover, every party has its area of influence in which it can use its power and influence people and some times elections also. (05) 6. Is the head of local government elected directly, indirectly or appointed? According to electoral process defined by the Devolution plan which has been discussed earlier, head of local at asserting a check on local turpitude?In real practice, civil society has no power to keep check and balance on local elected representatives. They are right elected locally but they are not in control of or accountable to the general public as envisioned in the Devolution Plan. (00) 5. The Devolution of Power Plan which has been promulgated through Local Government Ordinance 2001 is a revolutionary step in the write up of decentralization in Pakistan. Mustard introduced a number of reforms which helped in trim down the AP between state and civil society.All the powers distributed to the newly created lower tiers came through provincial government without distributing the powers of federal government. Provincial governments which used to be very powerful tier becom e less authoritative as local tiers were directly connected with the center. Initially local governments were given constitutional protection of sixsome years against any kind of amendments but later some political powers, which got affected by the direct linkage of local government with center, made amendments to recover some of the lost powers.The reverse campaigning because of structure of government affects fairness of electoral process as Nazism campaigns for their own union councilors to secure their future elections rather than union councilors campaigning for the elections. This promotes sense of ego benefits among the union councilors and the interests of community are ignored. Though the Devolution plan transferred powers to local tiers and empowered local communities at very bottom level but still there are some issues which hinder the efficiency of plan and limited the benefits to the citizens of Pakistan.The assessment of political decentralization in Pakistan on the land of Never indicators shows that political system is well decentralized at to the lowest degree on the policy documents but in real practice issues of foil and accountability exist. There are still some gaps in the real practice as civil society is still lacking the positive power to keep checks and balances on the representatives. 6. RECOMMENDATIONS All the powers and authority distributed at local level has been taken from province while center keeps all the authority and decision making power as it is including sisal authorities.There should be scattering of powers of center as well in order to develop a balance between center-province and province-district relation. In real practice, plan has not employ up to the mark because of absence of transparency in the system particularly in financial matters. There should be complete transparent system which allows common public to look into the countrys on-going matters. Voters should have power to keep check and balance on the decisions made by their representatives as they are the one who elected them through electoral process.

Masculinity and Femininity Essay

Throughout taradiddle and crossways culture, comments of maleness and muliebrity have varied dramatically, track enquiryers to argue that sexual practice, and specifically g obliterateer roles, be socially constructed (see Cheng, 1999). Cheng (1999296) progress states that one should non brook that masculine behaviour is performed besides by men, and by all men, opus feminine behaviour is performed by women and by all women. Such diachronic and cultural variations oppose the essentialist view that maleness, femininity and sexual urge roles are biologically ingrained in males and females prior to birth (Cheng, 1999). These socially constructed stereotypes meet masculinity and femininity coupled with their cultural and diachronic variations are the focus of this essay, leading into the sociological implications of the findings.Whilst practices of grammatical gender roles have varied dramatically crosswise history and culture, the stereotypes surrounding masculinity an d femininity have remained fairly stoic (Cheng,1999). maleness has been continually characterised by traits much(prenominal) as independence, confidence and assertiveness, with these traits relating direct to aspects of dominance, authorization, power and success (dog, 19951). Cheng (1999298) links these traits of masculinity to hegemonic masculinity, as a culturally idealised form of masculine character. Connell (199576) agrees, stipulating that hegemonic masculinity is culturally and historically variable, universe simply the masculinity that occupies the hegemonic gear up in a given warning of gender relations. This serves to stress that, if hegemonic masculinity is at the top of the pyramid of a set of gender relations, and these gender relations (as seen below) mint commute, hegemonic masculinity itself butt joint also transfigure across cultures and historical periods.This indicates that the previously alluded to traits of masculinity are instead the westward trai ts of hegemonic masculinity (Connell, 1995). Femininity, on the other hand, has often been categorise as the complete opposite of hegemonic masculinity (Leaper, 1995). Leaper (19951) has emphasised numerous stereotypically feminine characteristics, including under bearing, compassionate and affectionate. These characteristics often perpetuate the gender role of the loving, nurturing mother and interior(prenominal) home-maker, emphasising success (as opposed to the masculine success of wealth and status accumulation) as atidy house and well-fed children (Hoffman, 2001). Various scholarly research has highlighted how such stereotypes of masculinity and femininity are continually perpetuated by the wider population, with Leaper (1995) reporting there is much distaste for a masculine charwoman or feminine man. However, regard slight of the stereotypes associated with masculinity and femininity, cultural variations of these stereotypical gender roles exist.It has long been argued tha t definitions and practices of masculinity and femininity vary across cultures (see Cheng, 1999), with try surrounding variations in masculinity being drawn from Japan, the Sambia region of Papua New Guinea, the States and Latin America. Sugihara and Katsurada (1999635) reiterate this perspective by stating that culture defines gender roles and societal value. Sugihara and Katsuradas (1999645) study of gender roles in Japanese society characterised Japanese hegemonic masculinity as a man with internal strength as opposed to the physiologic strength typically emphasised within horse opera societies ideal man. In contrast, the American notion of hegemonic masculinity is predominantly seen as to include heterosexism, gender difference and dominance (Kiesling, 2005).Specifically, as stated by Kiesling (2005), masculinity in America relies upon being heterosexual, in a position of power, dominance or authority and believing that there is a flavourless difference between men and women in terms of biology and behaviour. It is this Western notion of masculinity that is often seen to perpetuate stereotypical gender roles, as alluded to previously (Leaper, 1995). Further variations in masculinity across cultures can be seen in recent research in the Sambia region of Papua New Guinea, where it was notice that masculinity is the outcome of a regime of ritualised homosexuality leading into manhood (Macionis and Plummer, 2005307) Such engaging in homosexual acts, whilst considered an example of hegemonic masculinity in the Sambia region, is considered a subordinated masculinity in the Western world, indicating how hegemonic masculinity can vary across cultures (Connell, 1995).Another cultural variation at the opposite end of the spectrum to the homosexuality of the Sambia region, the internalised strengths of Japanese men and even in contrast to the classic dominance of American masculinity, is the machismo construct of masculinity in Latino men. The masculinity show n inLatino men can be described as an exaggerated form of American hegemonic masculinity, with a focus on physical strength, toughness and acting as ii a protector and an authority figure (Saez et. al, 2009). These four variations alone between Japanese, Sambian, American and Latin American masculinity emphasise the cultural differences in masculinity. Femininity, however, shows to some(a) extent, even great variation cross-culturally.Delph-Janiurck (2000320) suggests that femininity focuses on social relations the home and (re)creating feelings of togetherness, re-emphasising the handed-down stereotypical gender role of the nurturing, motherly home-maker. This definition of femininity can be reiterated by Sugihara and Katsuradas (1999636) study, where they found Japanese women visualised aspects of Connells (1995) emphasised femininity, in that they were reserved, subservient and obeyed their husbands. However, these traditional traits of femininity are not the same across c ultures. Margaret Meads study of the Mungdugumor and Tchambuli tribes of Papua New Guinea stand in stark contrast to the femininity previously emphasised. The Mungdugumor tribe showed both males and females as scrappy and powerful, typically masculine traits to the Western world (Lutkehaus, 1993).The Tchambuli tribe, in contrast, reversed the Western gender roles completely, resulting in the males being more cringing and females acting more aggressive (Gewertz, 1984). In the Western world and specifically Australia, variations in comparison to other cultures could not be more obvious. Harrison (1997) emphasises how the incline tradition of debutante balls, adapted by many religious institutions in Australia, promotes a feminine ideal of monogamous heterosexuality, coupled with passivity, beauty, modesty and virginity. This sport of femininity stands in stark contrast to the subservience of Japanese women, and the aggressive traits of both the Tchambuli and Mungdugumor tribes wom en, as a cross-cultural example of varied femininity. These examples further serve to emphasise how variable masculinity and femininity are across cultures. However, such variations are similarly evident across historical periods.historic variations in masculinity and femininity also exist, further serving to emphasise that gender roles are a socially constructedcreation. Cheng (1999298) reiterates this stating that, as history changes, so does the definition of hegemonic masculinity, emphasising how variable social constructions of gender roles are. In the last cytosine alone, the American version of hegemonic masculinity has witnessed world-shaking changes. Before the first instauration War, hegemonic masculinity was portrayed through the likes of Humphrey Bogart and Clark Gable, before being all everywhereturned by the more physical, muscular, violent and sexual Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone (Cheng, 1999300).Another example exists in Australia, where masculini ty has seen a similar shift from the 1950s until now. Pennell (20017) has emphasised how masculinity in Australia started with the patriarchy, the belief that moral and legal authority derives from the masculine. The 1950s in particular portrayed masculine males as the breadwinners and feminine females as homemakers, examples of the gender role stereotypes continually perpetuated today (Pennell, 2001). As the years progressed, sports stars such as Donald Bradman and, more recently, Shane Warne and imperial James Mangussen, began to portray typical hegemonic masculinity, with more emphasis being dictated upon physique, dominance and power, than simply material wealth (Pennell, 2001). However, masculinity is not the only thing that has seen significant historical change.Femininity, however, has not changed as dramatically as masculinity, remaining, as emphasised by Cheng (1999), the subordinated gender. Matthews (in Baldock, 1985) emphasises the changes that have occurred in femini nity oer the twentieth century, from women portraying their femininity through submissive acts of unpaid induce to womens emancipation and allowance in joining the workforce, emphasising a less submissive, more powerful and independent notion of femininity. Whilst the feminist movement showed significant improvements to womens rights, historical notions of femininity passivity, domesticity and beauty continue to be perpetuated in Australian society (Cheng, 1999). This emphasises how society may not change as fast as severalize surrounding the social construction of gender roles arises (Cheng, 1999).Various sociological implications arise from these examples ofvarying masculinities and femininities across culture and history, particularly that it suggests gender roles are not homogenous, unchanging, fixed or undifferentiated (Cheng, 1999301). To some extent, such evidence can dispute claims that gender roles, masculinities and femininities are biologically determined and can argu e against the essentialist argument that there are two and only two bi-polar gender roles (Cheng, 1999296). The evidence, that masculinity and femininity vary cross-culturally and over historical periods has the ability to argue against the essentialist argument, as it shows the more than two gender roles exist, with variations between cultures (such as the varied femininities across Japan and PNG) and within historical periods (such as the variations in American hegemonic masculinity).In a societal sense, evidence suggesting that gender roles are not biologically constructed, but instead vary throughout culture and history, emphasises that such perceived inevitable functions of society, such as the patriarchal dividend and gender inequality are not inevitable biological constructs (Hoffman, 2001). They could be argued, instead, as socially constructed blockades to female empowerment and equality, that, such as can be seen in the Tchambuli tribe of Meads study, can be reversed (Lutk ehaus, 1993).The evidence that masculinities and femininities vary diversely across culture and historical period further empahsises that gender roles and gender divides are socially constructed. With evidence drawn from as far reaching as PNG and Japan and over vast historical periods, it can be reiterated that gender roles and perceptions of masculinity and femininity are not unchanging (Cheng, 1999). As emphasised throughout this essay, such evidence disputes essentialist arguments regarding the supposed inevitable patriarchal dividend and, in relation to society, reiterates that gender roles can change.

Mind and Matrix Essay

Epistemology is the nature of hold outledge. Knowledge is grievous when considering what is realness and what is deception. The movie The Matrix displays a social deception in which Neo, the master(prenominal) character, is caught mingled with what he thought was once reality and a upstanding new world that controls every function he thought was real. If I were Neo, I would not truly be able to survive that I was in the matrix. However, it is reasonable to believe that I am in the matrix and ordain at last enter back into my reality later.The proof that that I give the gate manage that I am in the matrix and that I will sw aloneow to reality comes from the retorts of foundationalism, noble- spiritedness, and pallibalism. To begin, foundationalism is the essence of what we are certain of. much philosophers argue on the basis of foundationalism to find out where friendship begins. This will help arrest if Neo would be able to sack out or not know if he is dreaming u p the matrix or in particular that it is reality. The popularity of foundationalism starts with Descartes. He challenged the previously popular skepticism.In Descartes Meditations he discusses many issues relating to the drumhead of where does knowledge come from? His main line of productss appear in his dreaming instruction. He first begins by stating 1. I often have cognitions very to a greater extent deal the ones I usually have in sensation term I am dreaming. Then he goes on to say 2. on that point are no definite signs to distinguish dream experience from waking experience. These two premises lead to the conclusion that 3. It is possible that I am dreaming right now and that all my perceptions are false. This shows that there is no real way to know to know anything.Descartes add to his argument apply foundationalism. Throughout my writings I have made it clear that my rule imitates that of the architect. When an architect wants to build a house which is stable on res publica where there is a sandy topsoil over underlying rock, or clay, or some other unwavering base, he begins by mining out a set of trenches from which he removes the sand, and anything resting on or coalesce in with the sand, so that he base lay his foundations on firm soil. In the same way, I began by taking everything that was doubtful and throwing it out, like sand (Replies 7, AT 7537) (Lex, Newman).This explains how foundationalism works you must remove all of your doubt to advance to the foundationtion of which you are certain(p) of. This is called the method of doubt. Once you know what you are sure of, you bathroom build up knowledge from there. Many wonder how we can wonder we are not dreaming. Some arrest that you cannot feel pain in a dream, but others say they have. The argument that dreams are not related to memory is strong because most mass do not remember their dreams. Descartes explains that in a dream you can feel as if you are using all of your sens es, but they be to be more vague than when awake.Descartes struggles with the dream issue until he comes upon his conclusion. I now notice that there is a vast difference between being asleep and being awake, in that dreams are never linked by memory with all the other actions of life as waking experiences are. scarcely when I distinctly see where things come from and where and when they come to me, and when I can connect my perceptions of them with the whole of the rest of my life without a break, then I am quite certain that when I encounter these things I am not asleep but awake. (Med.6, AT 789-90) (Lex, Newman).This dream argument attributes to how we can know anything. For Neos sake it helps him decide stomach he is really in the matrix or not. In summation to foundationalism proving that knowledge is built up from what we are certain of, idealism plays an important role of arguing that all reality is in the mind. Descartes argument for idealism explains how knowledge of reality is possible. He goes through the process of using an employment like a pen and unslopedifying its existence. There are 3 travel to this process 1. I know I cover the pen.2. To exist is to be perceived (Berkeley). 3. I know the pen exists. Another philosopher, Berkeley, argues esse est percipi, which translates to to be is to be perceived. This means that if you are perceived you exist and the same thing goes for reality. There are issues that argue against idealism one of these arguments is that we have no conception of unperceived matter. As soon as you perceive it you can conceive it. The that problems with this argument are the fact that many quite a little perceive the distant path. An example of this is the Big Bang theory.Also the perception of the atom and distant galaxies furthermore cause a problem. So idealism still stands strong. Neos perception of the matrix exists so therefor Neo believes that the matrix is real. Yet there remains one more response to furth ermore prove that Neo is quick-scented to believe he is in the matrix. This is the response to Pallibalism, the theory that knowledge does not require certainty. This response goes about saying that we are certain of our minds and our own existence. Neo has knowledge of the matrix, but there is no certainty with his knowledge.Noe is able to perceive the surroundings around him in the matrix and he can be sure he is not dreaming, but he can not know for sure if the matrix is truly real. The case for this is that he could be just a brain in a Vat in a giant virtual reality. Another example similar to The Matrix is The Trueman evince. In this case it is a local deception rather than a social deception. Pallibalism agrees with foundationalism and idealism in the fact that knowledge is an abstract judgement and the only thing that one can be certain of is them selves.understandably then, foundationalism, idealism, and pallibalism all fit together to prove that Neo can not be certain of the matrix, but only himself. Also it further explains how it is rational for him to believe that the matrix exists through his perception of the matrix and the knowledge he obtains when he is there. The growth of knowledge in Neos mind is possible what is his deception. The more he perceives could possible be more he is deceived. What we know about reality is all in our minds and if we can only be certain of ourselves and our own existence then the reality that we perceive and conceive does exist.So the answer is yes, Neo can know that he is in the matrix, but this does not necessarily mean the matrix exists. As far as Neo knows the matrix does exist and that he will return to what he thought was his reality later, knowing that there is more than just his world. Works Cited Newman, Lex, Descartes Epistemology, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 1999 Edition), Edward N, Zalta (ed. ), URL= http//plato. stanford. edu/archives/spring1999/entries/Descartes.

Effect of Temperature on Content of Vitamin C Essay

originA daily intake of Vitamin C is essential for humans. Without it, the disease low-spirited develops as sailors, explorers and people during the long winters in the Northern hemisphere be before the time of Captain Cook. The British Navy started giving sailors lime hydrate juice to prevent scurvy on long voyages in 1795. Vitamin C is found in high levels in foods such as oranges, limes, lemons, blackcurrants, parsley and capsicums. Vitamin C is water soluble and is therefore non stored or synthesized in the body, thus a daily supply is postulate. It breaks down, and is no longer impressive due to factors such as extreme temperatures or storage for more than than a few days.AimTo investigate the effect of temperature of juice on the essence of Vitamin C.VariablesIndependent Temperature of orange juice 25C, 50C, one hundredC Dependent Content of Vitamin C recorded by the count of Iodine drops Controlled Amount of orange juice 2mL measure using a 25mL pipette Control led Amount of amylum solution 2mL measure using a 25mL pipette Controlled Amount of hydrochloric acid 1M 2 drops from a dropper feeding nursing bottle Controlled Amount of distilled water 4mL measure using a 25mL pipette Controlled poor boy concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) 1M controlled using the same dropper bottle of HCl from each one time HypothesisAs the temperature of the juice increases the sate of Vitamin C bequeath diminish.MaterialsNudie orange juiceIodineStarch solutionDropper bottle hydrochloric acid 1MDistilled water3 conelike flasksTest tobacco pipe pedestalBunsen burner25mL pipette250mL beakerHeat proof matSafety glassesThermometerGlovesSafety coatMethod1. Place 10mL of Nudie orange juice in a 250mL beaker.2. Using a Bunsen burner, instigate the juice to 25C.3. Measure temperature by placing a thermometer in the juice.4. Once juice is 25C, using a 25mL pipette, add 2mL of the juice into a clean conical flask.5. Using a 25mL pipette, add 4 mL o f distilled water and 2mL of starch solution.6. Add 2 drops of hydrochloric acid 1M (HCL).7. Using a dropper bottle of iodine, add iodine drops counting the number of drops added and mixing the solution afterward each drop.8. Once the solution starts to turn purple, record the number of iodine drops added for purple to appear.9. Clean conical flasks using water.10. Repeat steps 1-9 with 50C juice and 100C juice. Complete 3 struggles for each. run a risk AssessmentRiskPreventionHydrochloric stool irritate the skin if in contact restrain the lid closed when not in manipulation. lay around gloves, a safety coat and glassesRisk of Bunsen burner eager the skinTurn the Bunsen burner off when not in useUse a heat proof mat underneath itKeep a safe distance when burningTest tubes are crumbly and my cut the skinKeep test tubes in the test tube rackHandle with careResultsEffect of temperature of juice on the content of Vitamin CTemperature of orange juiceNumber of Iodine dropsAverage2 5C16 drops14 drops13 drops14 drops50C7 drops10 drops8 drops8 drops100C5 drops3 drops5 drops4 dropsDiscussionVitamin C also know as ascorbic acid is an essential water-soluble nutrient for humans and approximately animal species. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant serving to prevent cellular damage which is the common pathway for batchcer, aging, and a variety of diseases. Vitamin C is also required to make collagen, a protein that aids the healing of wounds. The body also ineluctably vitamin C as it improves the absorption of iron and supports the immune system. Vitamin C can be found predominantly in citrus fruits and green vegetables. The Recommended effortless Intake (RDA) is 60 mg per day. Vitamin C deficiency may fare Scurvy. Taking too much vitamin C can cause diarrhea, nausea and stomach cramps. Vitamin C is the most unstable vitamin which can be easily denatured. At high temperature, in the presence of sun light and atomic number 8 present in air, vitamin C reacts and it is oxidized. Excessive amounts of heat can write down vitamin C completely. At 70C vitamin C is denatured so it should be preserved below 70C to avoid heat damage. (Admin, 2013) This taste should show a result of decreased vitamin C content as thetemperature is increased. It can be seen from the results table and graph of this experiment that the demean the temperature the more vitamin C is present in the orange juice. Each discharge was fairly precise and the average showed a near consistent decrease in vitamin C content as the temperature increased. The average drops at 25C were 14 and the average at 100C was 4 showing a decrease in 10 drops.The results supported the guessing as it was clearly seen that as the temperature of the juice increases the content of Vitamin C impart decrease. The procedural method was solid and straightforward. There were, up to now a partner off possible sources of error. Using droppers to measure the hydrochloric acid and add the iodine is not very accurate and may produce different quantities which could affect the results. This ergodic error maybe reduced by getting a more accurate measuring device. The major problem however was the interpretation of the burnish purple once adding the iodine drops. This is a random error as it affects each result differently depending on the interpretation. To reduce this error, a work chart should be used to compare with the solution to give a more accurate result on the interpretation of purple. Oxygen and cheerfulness also denatures vitamin C. The longer the juice was left in the open the more oxygen and sunlight that could decrease the content of vitamin C. The method needs to be changed so that it states to put the lid back on the orange juice or a specific time added so each trial the juice is exposed to air for the same amount of time to get more precise results.ConclusionVitamin C is the most unstable vitamin which can easily be denatured. The investigation was successfu l with some random errors however the results still supported the hypothesis. Only minor changes are necessary to the experiment but overall the results coincided with the research of the effect of temperature on vitamin C content. To delay high presence of vitamin C while cooking it is recommended that the vegetables are cooked in low heat and small amounts of water for short periods to minimize the overtaking of vitamin C.BibliographyAdmin. (2013, February 14). At What Temperature Does Vitamin C Denature? Retrieved April 15, 2014, from Vitaminable http//www.vitaminable.com/at-what-temperature-does-vitamin-c-denature.htmlEhrlich, S. D. (2011, July 7). Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid). Retrieved April 15, 2014, from University of Maryland Medical bear on http//umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/vitamin-c-ascorbic-acid Office of dietetic Supplements. (2011, June 24). Vitamin C. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from Office of Dietary Supplements National Institutes of Health http//ods.od .nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-QuickFacts/

Car sales Solution Essay

My labour is to imagine my friend is setting up a car office business and wants to install a computer placement. The system must ease up the power to store different car selective information and gestate the give out to appear for desi deprivation car information be stored and searched for easily .The system must also be easy to use and I have been asked to find a solution to carry this out. Two ways that I could solve the problem is by (1). Putting the information in a table using Microsoft Word, information would be easy to store, but a disadvantage would be that it is, hard and time consuming to search for a desired car. Another way would be storing the information in Microsoft gateway.Microsoft Access is a program that contains infobases. I think this would be the most good method to solve the problem, because information could be stored and searched for easily, using fields. To do this you subscribe to use a research. Firstly you must make a query table, to it you compile to add as many field options as you need such as eccentric model, below each field type what you argon looking.Save the table, open it and you should have some results. The car data type I need to put into the databases to solve the problem are Model, Make, Year, Type, Mileage, Mot, Colour, Extra features and history of owners. These will become the titles of the fields (fields are the tables in which you add all the information in the databases. I need to collect each of these items of data because this will give easy access to search for the customers desired feature of a car. For example if a customer valued a red car I could just type red next to colour when searching.I have designed a data capture form, which shows all the details of a certain car. The car information I have entered comes from an ad in the local paper reveal and Post. The car information is taken from a Stanground Autos ad.I have opinionated to create a way of validating data. The data type that m andatory validating was Mileage and Price. For the Price field the validation rule is 0 and 0 and

Environmental Impact of Aviation Essay

Today, the world is twainered by the surroundingsal uncovers reverberating in polar parts of the world. Part of this environmental issue is foc wasting diseased on world-wide melting. As part of the whole worlds response on the important foreboding, laws and policies beat been drafted. virtually of the known environmental policies atomic number 18 sweet Air Act and the Kyoto Protocol. Meanwhile, the Kyoto Protocol is an agreement between different nations, principally industrialized, adopted on December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan (United Nations cloth collection on Climate Change, 2008).The central function of the protocol is to set a target on the nursery gas emission for member countries (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2008). This is to further reduce the impending consequences of the greenhouse effect. Since the subject field of external scientist that temper change is worsening, all sector of the lodge and all nations puzzle been invited to p articipate in activities primarily to help trim down gas emissions. Each politics of member nations alike implemented programs in revisal to reduce the gas emission that is aggravating the ball-shaped environment situation.For the past years, the reality of the phenomenon has been severally debated, even among politicians. Eventually, environment was considered as anteriority in the policy making. Additionally, the international concern on global warming has reached ein truth sector, big or small, in the society. Among the business sectors, rules and regulations have excessively been adopted internationally in order that a standard of environmentally hazardous sub emplacements be eliminated or minimized. An example could be the non use of lead. In Europe, the Restriction on Hazardous Substances was adopted and imposed upon all its suppliers general (ROHS, 2008).According to the guidelines, minimum amount of the hazardous substances should be maintained. Hence, quality of the ware depends on the substances comprising the product. The environmental issue, however, is not only limited to gas emissions and global warming. Instead it covers all kinds of pollution. In the field of strain, policies and guidelines on environmental conformation also apply. Aviation plays a vital role in transportation. It is the easiest, fastest, and more than convenient means in transporting people and goods from one border to otherwise or from nation to nation.Being an essential factor in the growing of economy, it also has an essential contri onlyion to global warming and other environmental problems. Remarkably, the breeze contri entirelyes to various environmental problems. One of the major(ip) problems face up by aviation industry is the noise pollution being suffered by the planetary house nearby aerodromes (Kutz, 2008). At present, the aviation is one among the growing business opportunities. Since smart and more improved planes have been introduced, the st ress traffic also increases. As such, there is also intensification of the environmental concerns.The second environmental problem touch on the industry is the climate change. Climate change is the foremost environmental phenomenon that is bothering the international community. In addition, it is believed to be the cause of the drastic change in endure and the emergence of illnesses. The third major problem being caused by aviation is the poor air quality (Kutz, 2008). All these environmental concerns are mandated by laws to be addressed by the aviation industry. In the field of aviation, baa is widely known for being the worlds leading aerodrome party (House of Commons, et.al. , 2004). At present, it is operating eight airports namely Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, S break throughhampton, and Naples (BAA, 2008). At present, its victor still continues to shine and more developments are being planned in the future. In a report propounded by the BAA for year 2005-2006, the ships federation primed(p) down in details the achievements and plans of each airport. Aside from that, it also presented its financial assertment to show the financial operation of the comp some(prenominal). At a glance, the confederacy has indeed a successful and is in a inactive financial status.The over-all operation and employee handling are excellent. According to Mick Temple, divisional Director, the corporation recognizes the existence of the environmental issues (Temple). But, the report of BAA did not truly addressed all issue about environment related to air hose or airport. In addition, the BAA presented its report in a matted yet orderly manner. After presenting the achievements, developments, and plans of each airport, the BAA also discussed issues faced by the bon ton. It has specified corporate responsibilities. In scrutinizing the report, the BAA did not truly address all environmental problems.As stated earlier, aviation industry i s challenged by problems on poor air quality, noise pollution, and climate change. In the report of the BAA, the report laid down the corporate responsibilities of the company still in a summarized and general form. Although it has addressed all the problems cited, it did not real specified its future plan, present programs, current status and its over-all stand on the impending environmental problems. In addressing the environmental problem on air quality, the report stated its concern on the problem that is affecting both local anesthetic and national (Temple).Notably, airports around emits nitrogen dioxide and other fine particles that have negative effect on heath and environment (BAA, 2008). In addition, it has punctuate on governments declaration of Heathrows compliance to EU Air Quality Standard (Temple). Contri unlessing to poor air quality, however, are M4 and M25 traffic (BAA, 2008). Likewise, the report merely added measures it can implement in order to comply with the standard. These measures include investing in public transport, promoting alternative fuels for airport- establish vehicles, and using charges to penalise aircraft with poorer emissions standards (Temple, p.35). However, no other reports were propounded to show that these measures have been adopted. Furthermore, the company merely reiterates its desire to review its emission while extending help to other companies with bear upon to the problem. As to noise pollution, the aviation is considered as one among the major contri scarceor due to noise caused by take offs and landings? taxiing, and engine tests (BAA, 2008). With regard to BAAs stand on noise pollution, the company has laid down its strategies in minimizing the noise.In addition, it stated its desire to work with local government, airlines, and air traffic controllers to jointly implement these strategies. First outline is the encouragement on the use of quieter new aircraft and engine by the manufacturers (Temple). The second strategy is giving reward to those airlines using a quieter aircrafts. The fourth strategy is the usefulness of compliance with quieter operating practices (Temple). The last strategy is concerned with updates of information by keeping the noise-sufferers informed better (Temple).Today, the company is doing its part in addressing the complaints of those touched by the noise of airports. Furthermore, on the most relevant environmental issue on climate change, the company proudly stressed its target of 15% reduction on its carbon dioxide emission by 2010, which is even high than the standard (Temple). The companys strategy is focused on cypher efficiency and renewable energy (Temple). Moreover, it has also implied its adherence to Emission duty which allows business incapable of achieving the target to buy permits from those industries that are capable but only within an overall cap (Temple).At present, the company is lobbying for the cognizance of the emission trading to be an acceptable mechanism in greenhouse gas emission. In addition, in its desire to reduce the impact of climate change, the company is committed in investing into new energy high-octane technology, sourcing out more renewable energy, reducing emissions of vehicles in the airport, among others (BAA, 2008). Based on the above mentioned, the report of BAA may be said to have mentioned the major environmental problems faced by airlines and airports. However, it was not able to state its impact on environment.It did not also laid down the programs it has adopted to address the issue. But nevertheless, it has recognized its role in the environment. By feel into the context of the report, is can be said that the company has been partially assessed. It is unfair on the reason that the report presented more on the developments, future plans, and achievements of the company but did not directly addressed on the corporate responsibilities. It is current that corporate responsibility have been included in the middle part, but there is no clear stand of the company.The report stressed on the companys plan to expand, increase passengers, intensify investment but there are no more details as to the companys action on environmental issues. Significantly, it did not state any of its achievements in helping in the abatement of the environmental problems. It merely presented it strategies but no update has been included as to the implementation and status of the company. Interestingly, the report of the Managing Directors of each airport has tough on the importance of shareholders. Hence, the report was concentrated on the good sides about the company.Airports and airlines are considered as one among the places vulnerable of being attacked by terrorist groups. Notably, in 2007, Glasgow Airport has been attacked by terrorists (BAA, 2008). On that very threatening day, the company has been given an idea on the loopholes on the airports credential. It is also of no doubt th at millions of passengers and employees come in and out of the airport. In line with this, the treat of terrorism has made passenger paranoiac about safety. Hence, it is but necessary that safety should be the paramount concern of the company.In response to the attack in July, 2007, the company declared its dedication in making its passengers secure. As part of its response, the company has closely worked with the subdivision for Transport (DfT) for guidance on its security measures (Temple). Moreover, in concurrence with the governments standard, the company has conducted a full range review of its security systems (Temple). In order to show its sincerity in making its airports secured and safe, the company has started using technological innovations such as hold-baggage covering fire, new security screening and x-ray screening (Temple).In line with the companys social occasion of ensuring safety and health of its passengers and employees, policies and programs have been adopt ed. Additionally, according to the report, the companys stance on security is that it is considering it as a crucial issue. Aside from its realizable effect on the companys reputation, it also recognizes its effect on passengers experiences. As such, the company works closely with the government agencies, armed forces, and police force in order to upgrade its security system and touch with that of government security (Temple). Furthermore, it has committed itself to comply with regulations concerning safety.In accordance with this, the Health, Safety, bail and Environment (HSSE) Executive Committee have been founded with the primary goal of determine and addressing these issues affecting the company (Temple). With the growing environmental concern, some say that aviation industry is not a sustainable business. However, BAA has proven this tale wrong. In order that environmental issue be addressed and at the same time maintain or increase the profitability of the company, the co mpany may enhance its training on environmental awareness to its employees and passengers.In addition, carbon dioxide emission can be reduced through the use of biodeisel and other alternative energy. Moreover, through reducing its flight, the company could decrease its environmental impact but can increase profit because all flights would be certainly be filled. Another measure could be on the sell sector. Since the airports are open for stores, environmental measures should also be imposed upon them. Some of the policy that can be adopted is the ban on non-recyclable things. by dint of this measure, all waste coming from stores would be put to recycling areas.Finally, the company could enhance its pro- environment policies despite cost on its part. This way, the cost would be repaid by the loyalty and continued patronage of the passengers.ReferencesBAA. (2008). Corporate Responsibility. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http//www. baa. com/portal/ rate/default/menuitem. a875fc329 13746f398a5e186c02865a0/. House of Commons, Great Britain Parliament Environment, Food and Rural personal matters Committee. (2004). International Challenge of Climate. capital of the United Kingdom The Stationery Office. Kutz, M. (2008).Environmentally Conscious Transportation. London John Wiley and Sons. ROHS. (2008). Restriction on the Use of hazardous Substances (ROHS). Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http//www. rohs. gov. uk/. Temple, M. (2008). BAA annual Report 2005/06. Corporate Responsibility. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http//www. baa. com/assets//B2CPortal/Static%20Files/BAA_Annualreport_05-06. pdf. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2008). Kyoto Protocol. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http//unfccc. int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830. php.

A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller Essay

I am going to look at Arthur milling machines revive implant in the 1950s when favorable and cultural ideas were rattling different from today.  in that location was often immigration to the States especi aloney from Italy as at that place was a people of unemployment and p overty in that location. heap immigrated to America from Italy due to thither be more(prenominal) employment opportunities and a better quality of animation there they hoped to earn money to move back to their family still in Italy. The pot that organised their immigration would visualize them jobs so there was a high chance of them being employ and being able to support themselves and their family.In Italian friendship people tended to mind their own business and keep to themselves, although the value of the family name was in truth consequential. Family structures and connections were also very important. Families would normally put their close family first in the lead anything else, th erefore their wider family and then their friends. This meant that if a member or members of their family were immigrating, they would do as much as possible to help them and take them in. Eddies family were ilk this as they took in Marco and Rodolpho, their wider family, who were immigrating to America and looked after them.By this guesswork, Catherine and Rodolpho consecrate already planned to bring down married and Eddie has decided he doesnt emergency them to. He has suggested that Rodolpho only hopes to espouse Catherine so he washbowl part an Ameri move passport and implies that Rodolpho is gay. He raises objections and, although Catherine trusts Eddie, she doesnt issue whose side she should be on. This makes the listening wonder for themselves. They assumet have a go at it who they should be swear and whether Rodolpho is gay or bonny wants to marry Catherine so he can play an American passport.All this time the band box is softie lit, like a dark cloud that i s always hanging over the trick, because it is an option that Eddie could take and the audience wonder whether at some pip he pass on. This creates dramatic suspense because the audience ar non original what is going to pop off moreover they also have an idea that the phone box will take a big part in the play. Act dickens starts with the lighting spinning billened on Alfieri, illuminating him as he severalizes the flooring to the audience. He is setting the scene for act two referring to trade practises that ar going on at that time a case of Scotch whiskey slipped from a net while being unloaded as a case of Scotch whisky is addicted to do on the twenty-third of December on Pier cardinal.He then goes on to explain that Catherine and Rodolpho argon alone unitedly for the first time. This causes the audience to feel suspense because Alfieri has used dramatic sarcasm so they anticipate that something will get hold between them but they dont know what.&n bspThe lighting then rises on Catherine so the focus is now on her. Rodolpho is watching her, as the audience are, showing that he enjoys being in close proximity to her. They start to chide and, although the talk starts normally, it castms to get more dramatic as it goes along. At the beginning of the conversation the audience and Rodolpho can see that Catherine is twoered almost something and we want to know what she is worried near. From the text you can see she is feeling insecure She looks at him. She seems withdrawn.Catherine starts to test Rodolpho about whether he only wants to marry her to get an American pasport, which causes the audience to feel dramatic tension. At first Rodolpho takes it as a joke but then begins to see Catherine is being austere and he becomes confused and worried Rodolpho his smile vanishing When? Catherine Well when we get married. Rodolpho astonished You want to be an Italian? Through this part of the conversation Cathe rine and Rodolpho are both still until Rodolpho crosses to the rocker. This not only causes tension because of the sudden movement on stage but also because the rocker is the chair that Eddie sits in as head of the family. Rodolpho then starts talking to Catherine seriously and he becomes exasperatedTheres nothing Nothing, nothing, nothing. Now tell me what youre talking about. This shows he is confused and bothered by what Catherine is saying and the tension is rising. He repeats nothing, nothing, nothing showing emphasis and his Italian way of speaking. As this conversation continues the characters are developing and you can see them at different emotional levels. At this place there is a slight awkward pause as if the characters dont know what to do or say and the audience feel tension because they dont know what is going to happen next. It then becomes more intimate as Rodolpho steps closer to Catherine and encourages her to marry him Once I am a citizen I could c hange by reversal anywhere and I would find better jobs and we would have a contribute, Catherine.A get From the bridge over by Arthur Miller EssayIn Arthur Millers play, A overhear From The nosepiece the character of Alfieri is a very important piece of the play. He leads many different roles throughout the play, and is a very useful tool for letting the audience know what they need to do. In this essay, I will be examining the many different roles of Alfieri during the play, and examining what the effects are of these roles on the play, the other characters and the audience. I will also be sounding briefly at the background of where the play is set, and also be expression briefly at the author, Arthur Miller.Arthur Miller was born in 1915, in Manhattan, reinvigorated York. In his early years his family were pretty well off, but when the economical depression hit America in 1929, him and his family lost a lot of money and security. They had to move to a much poorer area o f cutting York called Brooklyn. When Arthur Miller eventually leave school at 17, he didnt have enough money or the right qualifications to enter University, and so he tried out a volt-ampereiety of jobs. His many jobs included a waiter, a lorry driver, a crooner on a local radio station and a shipping clerk.He saved all his money, and in 1934 was stomached into Michigan University. He won three awards for playwriting, but was still unemployed when he graduated four years later. During the mo World War, Miller was unable to complete military service due to an old injury he gained, and so instead did manual naturalise at shipyards and some freelance radio scriptwriting. He enjoyed writing plays for lodge theatre, and his first play, The Man Who Had All The Luck, was first performed in 1949 at B pathway. It later went onto win the Theatre Guild National Prize. His next play, All My Sons, won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. His two most successful plays, death Of A S alesman and The Crucible soon followed. He later went onto write the play I am studying A View From The Bridge. The play is set in Red come up a slum next to Brooklyn Bridge, New York. The neighbourhood is very rough, and everybody their looks after themselves primarily and their families.Law and Order are not welcome there, and Lawyers and Priests are generally untrusted people. The bay next to Brooklyn Bridge was a favourite place for immigrants to il levelheadedly enter the U. S. A. Between 1820 and 1920, migration to the U. S. A was one of the biggest transportation of people in human history. In those deoxycytidine monophosphate years, more than four million Italians went over to live there, hoping to leave laughingstock the poverty and bad times from where they had previously lived, which in most cases was the sulphur of Italy and Sicily. They migrated because they believed America could offer them more opportunities (including work) than their native land ever could . However, life often wasnt how they thought it would be.The immigrants were often so heroical for work that employers exploited them, by paying them the bare minimum they could. The jobs themselves were all stiff manual labour, which would help America to increase its wealth and power. The immigrants found themselves funding in the worst and cheapest housing around, but still thought they were better off in America than they would have been back in Italy or Sicily. Indeed, many Americans distrusted Italians, and believed them to be dangerous and violent. It is this idea of immigrants misappropriatedly entering the U. S.A that provides the plot for A View From The Bridge. The play is based around Eddie Carbone, a longshoreman, his wife Beatrice, and Eddies niece, Catherine. Eddie is very overly treasureive of Catherine, and doesnt unfeignedly want to let her bring up. Beatrices cousins, Marco and Rodolpho, have just entered the U. S. A illegally from Sicily. Eddie and Beatri ce agree to hide the cousins in their house. Rodolpho and Catherine become very unplayful friends. Eddie becomes very suspicious of Rodolpho he accuses him of being gay and only wanting to marry Catherine so he can be a legal citizen of the U.S. A.Eddie tries to warn Catherine of his beliefs about Rodolpho, but she refuses to believe a word of it. Beatrice meanwhile, wants Catherine to grow up and so encourages her to marry Rodolpho. Eddie becomes more and more jealous and incensed about the amount of time Catherine and Rodolpho spend together. He visits the local legal philosophyyer, Alfieri, and asks him if there is any way he can get rid of Rodolpho legally. Alfieri informs him that there is nothing he can do, and that he should just let Catherine go. The touch starts to grow worse and worse.One night, Eddie comes home drunk. He desperately tries in one case more to split up Catherine and Rodolpho, but he once over once more fails. After kissing Catherine and then Rodolpho , Eddie goes to visit Alfieri again. Alfieri once again advises Eddie to just let go of Catherine, but Eddie cant do it. Instead, he calls the Immigration toilet table and reports Marco and Rodolphos illegal entry to the U. S. A. The Immigration Bureau come and arrest Marco and Rodolpho, and after a big raise up in the street, Marco spits in Eddies face (a huge insult).Alfieri pays bail for the two cousins and then arranges the wedding of Catherine and Rodolpho for the following day. Eddie is furious that Marco spat in his face, and so is desperate for revenge. Marco re deliberates to the house angry for his own revenge, when Eddie turns a knife on Marco. Marco manages to turn the knife around and stab Eddie- who then dies of his injuries. However, it is the character of Alfieri that I will now be focusing on. Alfieri is the first character we meet in the play, which therefore means that everything he says must capture the attention of the audience immediately.In this first openin g speech of his, he acts like a special kind of narrator a character who is filling us in on a brief background of the setting, and setting the scene for the rest of the play. He appears at first walking along the road outside Eddies house, which is where the majority of the play is set. He informs the audience about the neighbourhood where the play is set, and tells them that this particular neighbourhood has no place for law and order A lawyer means the law, and in Sicily, from where their fathers came, the law has not been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten. A View From the Bridge by Arthur Miller EssayWikipedia says honour is the concept of a direct congress between ones virtues (or values) and their status within society and that justice is the ideal, morally correct state of things and persons. Honour and justice are in fact the two main issues surrounding Arthur Millers A View from the Bridge. We can see these two elements right at the start of the play, with the s tory of Vinny Bolzano the boy who threaded his family and lost his honour within it. Vinny is in fact the sodding(a) example of the connection between justice and lambThe family had an uncle that they were hidin in the house, and he snitched to the Immigration he had five brothers and the old father.And they grabbed him in the kitchen and pulled him down the stairs three flights his head was bouncin like a coconut. And they spit on him in the street, his own father and his brothers. The alone neighbourhood was crying. (p.13-15)The importance of honour in this play prevails the law, creating a connection with respect to be honourable is to be respected. If you do anything dishonourable, you lose respect. That is why Marco and Eddie are so keen to protect their names and reach a just conclusion. Codes of honour bind families and the whole neighbourhood with a sense of community. Everyone should look out for one another, to betray someone is the most dishonourable action imaginab le.The next part where we see clear evidence of the importance of honour in the Red Hook community is when Eddie tells Beatrice, Its an honour, B. I mean it.(p..) when discussing the imminent arrival of the cousins in America. Here Eddie is saying he is honoured of letting Beatrices cousins sleep in his house because he knows they would do the same to him. This is a typical immigrant feeling because here Eddie is probably remembering when he too had come to America. Also, already from this point in the story we can see that his feelings for his Italian traditions overcome the American Law because even if Eddie knows the consequences of hosting two illegal immigrants in his house, he thinks about how he is honoured about it.Another evidence of honour in this play is the fact that Eddie finds it impossible to admit his love for Catherine is because he knows how dishonourable it isALFIERI She wants to get married, Eddie. She cant marry you, can she?EDDIE What are you talkin about, marr y me I dont know what the hell youre talking aboutBecause of how horrible his feelings seem to him are and how he will be dishonoured by them, he cannot accept them. He cannot accept them because it is not morally and socially correct to fall in love with your niece so this gives us an idea of injustice, of the unjust world we live in, where what Eddie has make it is not acceptable.Alfieri warns Eddie that he will lose the respect of the neighbourhood if he betrays the brothers. You wont have a friend in the world, Eddie(p.49). It is significant that a lawyer (who we would expect to follow the law) is encouraging Eddie to do something illegal by continuing to keep the brothers occult, obviously against his own interest. This, again, even in Alfieri, shows us how honour prevails to the law Eddie will lose his honour if he reports Rodolfo and Marco to the immigration authorities.Marco believes the only honourable course is to punish Eddie when Eddie betrayed the brothers. Alfie ri tries to persuade him other To promise not to kill is not dishonourable(p.59), but Marcos ignorance towards the American law and his sentiments of honour vanquish any fear about breakage the promise he makes to Alfieri. In fact, Marco had given Alfieri his word that he would not harm Eddie, but does so clearly, showing once again that honour is more important than breaking the law. Here, the theme of justice rises once more Marco finds it wrongful that Eddie can escape punishment and he cannot, making his preach for avenge even stronger.Eddie, however, blindly refuses to believe that he has done anything wrong. He desperately wants to get back his good name after Marcos accusations caused the neighbourhood to turn away from him Marcos got my name and you run tell him, kid, that hes gonna give it back to me in front of this neighbourhood, or we have it out.(p.62). The problem is that Marco wants the same thing as Eddie respect, which is once again connected to honour, they bot h want apologies from each other which they shall never obtain.The net scene of A View from the Bridge is where Eddie is killed by Marco. One can reflect a lifetime to understand whether this ending is just or not. What we can say is that in the end, natural justice happens. Natural because what has happened is what had to happen if Eddie wouldnt have died he would have been dishonoured for the rest of his life, just like Vinny Bolzano.I believe his death was chosen by Miller as a simpler way of resolving his problems which would have continued if he would have survived the fight with Marco with Eddies death, his and everyones travails died too.BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_View_from_the_Bridgehttp//www.sparknotes.com/drama/viewbridge/http//www.eriding.net/amoore/gcse/viewfromthebridge.htmhttp//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/english_literature/dramaviewbridge/Understanding A View From The Bridgemedia print.pmpro_a-print showing no(prenominal) scene compulsivelef t-9999pxA View From The Bridge Literature Guides - A interrogation Guide for Students window._wpemojiSettings = baseUrlhttps//s.w.org/ figure of speechs/ union/emoji/11/72x72/,ext.png,svgUrlhttps//s.w.org/ epitomes/core/emoji/11/svg/,svgExt.svg,sourceconcatemojihttps//www.aresearchguide.com/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=4.9.8 control(a,b,c)function d(a,b) volt-ampere c=String.fromCharCodel.clearRect(0,0,k. width,k. big top),l.fillText(c.apply(this,a),0,0)var d=k.toDataURL()l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,b),0,0)var e=k.toDataURL() communicate d===efunction e(a)var bif(ll.fillText)return1switch(l.textBaseline=top,l.font=600 32px Arial,a)caseflagreturn(b=d(55356,56826,55356,56819,55356,56826,8203,55356,56819))&&(b=d(55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447,55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447),b)caseemojireturn b=d(55358,56760, 9792,65039,55358,56760,8203,9792,65039),breturn1function f(a)var c=b.createElement(script)c.src=a,c.defer=c.type=text/javascript,b.getElementsByTagName(head)0.appendChild(c)var g,h,i,j,k=b.createElement( canvas),l=k.getContext&&k.getContext(2d)for(j=Array(flag,emoji),c.supports=everything0,everythingExceptFlag0,i=0i body,htmlpadding0margin0bodyfont-familysans-serif.wp-embed,.wp-embed-share-inputfont-family-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif.screen-reader-text marge0 trotrect(1px,1px,1px,1px)-webkit-clip-pathinset(50%)clip-pathinset(50%)height1pxmargin-1pxoverflow vaguepadding0positionabsolutewidth1pxword-wrapnormalimportant.dashicons give awayinline-blockwidth20pxheight20pxbackground- food colourtransparentbackground-repeatno-repeatbackground-size20pxbackground-positioncentertransitionbackground .1s ease-inpositionrelativetop5px.dashicons-nobackground-imageurl( infoimage/svg+xmlcharset=utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http% 3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F two hundred0%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%cc%2020%2020%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.55%2013.7l-2.19%202.06-3.42-3.65-3.64%203.43-2.06-2.18%203.64-3.43-3.42-3.64%202.18-2.06%203.43%203.64%203.64-3.42%202.05%202.18-3.64%203.43z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E).dashicons-admin-commentsbackground-imageurl(dataimage/svg+xmlcharset=utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2020%2020%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5%202h9q.82%200%201.41.59T16%204v7q0%20.82-.59%201.41T14%2013h-2l-5%205v-5H5q-.82%200-1.41-.59T3%2011V4q0-.82.59-1.41T5%202z%27%20fill%3D%27%2382878c%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E).wp-embed-comments a stew .dashicons-admin-commentsbackground-imageurl(dataimage/svg+xmlcharset=utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2020%2020%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5%202h9q.82%200%201.41.59T16%204v7q0%20.82-.59%201.41T14%2013h-2l-5%205v-5H5q-.82%200-1.41-.59T3%2011V4q0-.82.59-1.41T5%202z%27%20fill%3D %27%230073aa%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E).dashicons-sharebackground-imageurl(dataimage/svg+xmlcharset=utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2020%2020%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.5%2012q1.24%200%202.12.88T17.5%2015t-.88%202.12-2.12.88-2.12-.88T11.5%2015q0-.34.09-.69l-4.38-2.3Q6.32%2013%205%2013q-1.24%200-2.12-.88T2%2010t.88-2.12T5%207q1.3%200%202.21.99l4.38-2.3q-.09-.35-.09-.69%200-1.24.88-2.12T14.5%202t2.12.88T17.5%205t-.88%202.12T14.5%208q-1.3%200-2.21-.99l-4.38%202.3Q8%209.66%208%2010t-.09.69l4.38%202.3q.89-.99%202.21-.99z%27%20fill%3D%27%2382878c%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)display no(prenominal).js .dashicons-sharedisplayinline-block.wp-embed-share-dialog-openhover .dashicons-sharebackground-imageurl(dataimage/svg+xmlcharset=utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2020%2020%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.5%2012q1.24%200%202.12.88T17.5%2015t-.88%202.12-2.12.88-2.12-.88T11.5%2015q0-.34.09-.69l-4.38-2.3Q6.32%2 013%205%2013q-1.24%200-2.12-.88T2%2010t.88-2.12T5%207q1.3%200%202.21.99l4.38-2.3q-.09-.35-.09-.69%200-1.24.88-2.12T14.5%202t2.12.88T17.5%205t-.88%202.12T14.5%208q-1.3%200-2.21-.99l-4.38%202.3Q8%209.66%208%2010t-.09.69l4.38%202.3q.89-.99%202.21-.99z%27%20fill%3D%27%230073aa%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E).wp-embedpadding25pxfont-size14pxfont-weight400line-height1.5color82878cbackgroundfffborder1px strong e5e5e5box-shadow0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05)overflowautozoom1.wp-embed acolor82878ctext-decoration no(prenominal).wp-embed ahovertext-decorationunderline.wp-embed-featured-imagemargin-bottom20px.wp-embed-featured-image imgwidth coke%heightautobordernone.wp-embed-featured-image.squarefloatleftmax-width160pxmargin-right20px.wp-embed pmargin0p.wp-embed-headingmargin0 0 15pxfont-weight600font-size22pxline-height1.3.wp-embed-heading acolor32373c.wp-embed .wp-embed-morecolorb4b9be.wp-embed-footerdisplaytablewidth100%margin-top30px.wp-embed- aim-iconpositionabsolutetop50%left0-webkit-transformtranslate Y(-50%)transformtranslateY(-50%)height25pxwidth25pxborder0.wp-embed-site- claimfont-weight600line-height25px.wp-embed-site-title apositionrelativedisplayinline-blockpadding-left35px.wp-embed-meta,.wp-embed-site-titledisplaytable-cell.wp-embed-metatext-alignrightwhite-spacenowrapvertical-alignmiddle.wp-embed-comments,.wp-embed-sharedisplayinline.wp-embed-comments a,.wp-embed-share-tab-buttondisplayinline-block.wp-embed-meta ahovertext-decorationnonecolor0073aa.wp-embed-comments aline-height25px.wp-embed-comments+.wp-embed-sharemargin-left10px.wp-embed-share-dialogpositionabsolutetop0left0right0bottom0background-color222background-colorrgba(10,10,10,.9)colorfffopaqueness1transitionopacity .25s ease-in-out.wp-embed-share-dialog.hiddenopacity0visibilityhidden.wp-embed-share-dialog-close,.wp-embed-share-dialog-openmargin-8px 0 0padding0background0 0bordernonecursor pointeroutline0.wp-embed-share-dialog-close .dashicons,.wp-embed-share-dialog-open .dashiconspadding4px.wp-embed-share-dialo g-open .dashiconstop8px.wp-embed-share-dialog-closefocus .dashicons,.wp-embed-share-dialog-openfocus .dashiconsbox-shadow0 0 0 1px 5b9dd9,0 0 2px 1px rgba(30,140,190,.8)border-radius100%.wp-embed-share-dialog-closepositionabsolutetop20pxright20pxfont-size22px.wp-embed-share-dialog-closehovertext-decorationnone.wp-embed-share-dialog-close .dashiconsheight24pxwidth24pxbackground-size24px.wp-embed-share-dialog-contentheight100%-webkit-transform-stylepreserve-3dtransform-stylepreserve-3doverflowhidden.wp-embed-share-dialog-textmargin-top25pxpadding20px.wp-embed-share-tabsmargin0 0 20pxpadding0list-stylenone.wp-embed-share-tab-button buttonmargin0padding0bordernonebackground0 0font-size16pxline-height1.3coloraaacursorpointertransitioncolor .1s ease-in.wp-embed-share-tab-button aria-selected= received,.wp-embed-share-tab-button buttonhovercolorfff.wp-embed-share-tab-button+.wp-embed-share-tab-buttonmargin0 0 0 10pxpadding0 0 0 11pxborder-left1px solid aaa.wp-embed-share-tabaria-hidden=tru edisplaynonep.wp-embed-share-descriptionmargin0font-size14pxline-height1font-styleitaliccoloraaa.wp-embed-share-inputbox-sizingborder-boxwidth100%bordernoneheight28pxmargin0 0 10pxpadding0 5pxfont-size14pxfont-weight400line-height1.5resizenonecursortexttextarea.wp-embed-share-inputheight72pxhtmldir=rtl .wp-embed-featured-image.squarefloatrightmargin-right0margin-left20pxhtmldir=rtl .wp-embed-site-title apadding-left0padding-right35pxhtmldir=rtl .wp-embed-site-iconmargin-right0margin-left10pxleftautoright0htmldir=rtl .wp-embed-metatext-alignlefthtmldir=rtl .wp-embed-sharemargin-left0margin-right10pxhtmldir=rtl .wp-embed-share-dialog-closerightautoleft20pxhtmldir=rtl .wp-embed-share-tab-button+.wp-embed-share-tab-buttonmargin0 10px 0 0padding0 11px 0 0border-leftnoneborder-right1px solid aaaA View From The BridgeWE CAN HELP YOU With Your query Paper Hire Writer This Web page has been designed to assist students to Compare and contrast the life described in Italy and the promise of t he American Dream. Understand the context of mass immigration of Italians to New York in the 1950s. realize the impact of McCarthyism in Continue reading A View From The BridgeA Research Guide for Students 0 Comments WordPress Embed HTML EmbedCopy and paste this URL into your WordPress site to embed<blockquote row=wp-embedded-content><a href=https//www.aresearchguide.com/a-view-from-the-bridge.html>A View From The Bridge</a></blockquote><script type=text/javascript><--//--><CDATA//><--function(a,b)use unbendingfunction c()if(e)e=0var a,c,d,f,g=-1==navigator.appVersion.indexOf(MSIE 10),h=navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident.*rv11./),i=b.querySelectorAll(iframe.wp-embedded-content)for(c=0c<i.lengthc++)if(d=ic,d.getAttribute(data-secret))f=Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,10),d.src+=?secret=+f,d.setAttribute(data-secret,f)if(gh)a=d.cloneNode(0),a.removeAttribute(security),d.parentNode.replaceChild(a,d)var d=1,e=1if(b.querySelector)if(a.addEventListe ner)d=0if(a.wp=a.wp,a.wp.receiveEmbedMessage)if(a.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(c)var d=c.dataif(d.secretd.messaged.value)if(/a-zA-Z0-9/.test(d.secret))var e,f,g,h,i,j=b.querySelectorAll(iframedata-secret=+d.secret+),k=b.querySelectorAll(blockquotedata-secret=+d.secret+)for(e=0e<k.lengthe++)ke.style.display=nonefor(e=0e<j.lengthe++)if(f=je,c.source===f.contentWindow)if(f.removeAttribute(style),height===d.message)if(g=parseInt(d.value,10),g>1e3)g=1e3else if(g<200)g=200f.height=gif(link===d.message)if(h=b.createElement(a),i=b.createElement(a),h.href=f.getAttribute(src),i.href=d.value,i.host===h.host)if(b.activeElement===f)a.top.location.href=d.valueelse,d)a.addEventListener(message,a.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,1),b.addEventListener(DOMContentLoaded,c,1),a.addEventListener(load,c,1)(window,document)//--><></script><iframe sandbox=allow-scripts security=restricted src=https//www.aresearchguide.com/a-view-from-the-bridge.html/embed width=600 height=400 title=&8220A View From The Bridge&8221 &8212 A Research Guide for Students frameborder=0 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 scrolling=no class=wp-embedded-content></iframe> Copy and paste this code into your site to embedfunction(a,b)use strictfunction c(b,c)a.parent.postMessage(messageb,valuec,secretg,*)function d()function d()l.className=l.className.replace(hidden,),b.querySelector(.wp-embed-share-tab-button aria-selected=true).focus()function e()l.className+= hidden,b.querySelector(.wp-embed-share-dialog-open).focus()function f(a)var c=b.querySelector(.wp-embed-share-tab-button aria-selected=true)c.setAttribute(aria-selected, inconclusive),b.querySelector(+c.getAttribute(aria-controls)).setAttribute(aria-hidden,true),a.target.setAttribute(aria-selected,true),b.querySelector(+a.target.getAttribute(aria-controls)).setAttribute(aria-hidden,false)function g(a)var c,d,e=a.target,f=e.parentElement.previousElementSibling,g=e.parentElement.nextElementSiblingif(37===a.keyCode)c=felseif(39==a.key Code)return1c=grtl===b.documentElement.getAttribute(dir)&&(c=c===f?gf),c&&(d=c.firstElementChild,e.setAttribute(tabindex,-1),e.setAttribute(aria-selected,1),b.querySelector(+e.getAttribute(aria-controls)).setAttribute(aria-hidden,true),d.setAttribute(tabindex,0),d.setAttribute(aria-selected,true),d.focus(),b.querySelector(+d.getAttribute(aria-controls)).setAttribute(aria-hidden,false))function h(a)var c=b.querySelector(.wp-embed-share-tab-button aria-selected=true)n==a.targeta.shiftKey?c===a.target&&a.shiftKey&&(n.focus(),a.preventDefault())(c.focus(),a.preventDefault())function i(a)var b,d=a.targetb=d.hasAttribute(href)?d.getAttribute(href)d.parentElement.getAttribute(href),b&&(c(link,b),a.preventDefault())if(k)k=0var j,l=b.querySelector(.wp-embed-share-dialog),m=b.querySelector(.wp-embed-share-dialog-open),n=b.querySelector(.wp-embed-share-dialog-close),o=b.querySelectorAll(.wp-embed-share-input),p=b.querySelectorAll(.wp-embed-share-tab-button button),q=b.querySelector(.wp-embed-f eatured-image img)if(o)for(j=0j